Submissions

Author Guidelines

International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology

Instructions to Authors

“International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology” (With abbreviation Intl. J. Appl. Exp. Biol.; with abbreviation IJAEB) publishes research papers on all aspects of Life Sciences including Biology, Genetics, Botany, Zoology, and Medical, Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences. It aims to serve as a forum of life scientists and agricultural professionals.

Types of paper

1. Original full papers (Regular Papers)
2. Review articles on
3. Original papers should report the results of original research. The material should not have been previously published elsewhere.
4. Reviews should be related to an area covered by the journal. These are written on invitation or after initial contact with the Editor-in-Chief.

Article structure

Language
Manuscripts should be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts read/checked by an English-speaking colleague prior to submission.

Title
Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible. Use common and complete scientific names of organisms.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods
Provide sufficient detail to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work by critically analyzing the promising results considering appropriate literature. .  Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Author names and affiliations  Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case  immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

Corresponding author Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing, and pre-publication post-publication processes. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.

Present/permanent address If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a "Present address" (or "Permanent address") may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must  stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, "and", "of"). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes. Avoid to repeat the words/terms already used in the title.

Abbreviations
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Acknowledgements
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

References

Note: Authors are strongly encouraged to check the accuracy of each reference against its original source.

1. All publications cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spelling of author names and dates are the same in the text as in the reference list.

2. In the text, refer to the author's name (without initial) and year of publication. Examples: "Since Peterson (1988) has shown that..." "This is in agreement with results obtained later (Kramer, 1989)".

3. If reference is made in the text to a publication written by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be used followed by "et al.,". This indication, however, should never be used in the list of references. In this list, names of first author and co-authors should be mentioned.

4. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically on authors' names, and chronologically per author. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: publications of a single author, arranged according to publication dates -- publications of the same author with one co-author -- publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should be listed as 1994a, 1994b, etc.

5. Use the following system for arranging your references, please note the proper position of the punctuation:

For periodicals

Romero-Aranda, M. R., González-Fernández, P., Pérez-Tienda, J. R., López-Diaz, M. R., Espinosa, J., Granum, E., Traverso, J. Á., Pineda, B., Garcia-Sogo, B., Moreno, V., Asins, M. J., and Belver, A. (2020). Na⁺ transporter HKT1;2 reduces flower Na⁺ content and considerably mitigates the decline in tomato fruit yields under saline conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 154: 341-352.

For edited symposia, special issues, etc., published in a periodical

Munns, R. (2009). Strategies for crop improvement in saline soils. In "Salinity and Water Stress: Improving Crop Efficiency" (M. Ashraf, M. Ozturk and H. R. Athar, eds.), Vol. 44, pp. 99-110. Springer, the Netherlands.

Golkar-Narenji, A., Petitte, J. N., and Mozdziak, P. E. (2020).  Transgenic chicken/poultry birds: serving us for survival; Chapter 9.  In "Genomics and Biotechnological Advances in Veterinary, Poultry, and Fisheries" (Y. S. Malik, D. Barh, V. Azevedo and S. M. P. Khurana, eds.).pp. 211-221. Academic Press.

For books

Abdelly, C. (2008). "Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance," Birkhäuser; Springer distributor, Basel.

For multi-author books

Bewley, J. D., Bradford, K., Hilhorst, H., and Nonogaki, H. (2013). "Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy," 3^rd Edition. Springer Science & Business Media, New York.

Web references

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

References in a special issue

Please ensure that the words 'Special issue' are added to any references in the list.

Abbreviate the titles of periodicals mentioned in the list of references according to the Bibliographic Guide for Editors and Authors.

References concerning unpublished data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.

Nomenclature and units

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.

Authors and Editor(s) are, by general agreement, obliged to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

All organisms (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be identified by their scientific names.

All biocides and other organic compounds must be identified by their Geneva names when first used in the text. Active ingredients of all formulations should be likewise identified.

For chemical nomenclature, the conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.

Accession numbers

Accession numbers are unique identifiers in bioinformatics allocated to nucleotide and protein sequences to allow tracking of different versions of that sequence record and the associated sequence in a data repository. Authors should explicitly mention the type of accession number together with the actual number, bearing in mind that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version of the article. Please use the following format: accession number type ID: xxxx (e.g., MMDB ID: 12345; PDB ID: 1TUP).

Math Formulae

Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics.

Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.

Greek letters and other non-Roman symbols should be explained. Take special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0) and the letter O, and between one (1) and the letter l.

Levels of statistical significance which can be mentioned without further explanation are: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.

In chemical formulae, valence of ions should be given as, e.g., Ca²⁺, not as Ca⁺⁺. Isotope numbers should precede the symbols, e.g., ¹⁸O.

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article, using superscript Arabic numbers.

Table footnotes

Indicate each footnote in a table with a superscript lowercase letter.

Electronic artwork

General points

• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Save text in illustrations as "graphics" or enclose the font.
• Only use “Times” font in your illustrations: Times
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version.
• Submit each figure as a separate file.

Figure Formats Regardless of the application used, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please "save as" or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below): EPS: Vector drawings. Embed the font or save the text as "graphics".TIFF: color or grayscale photographs (halftones): always use a minimum of 300 dpi. TIFF: Bitmapped line drawings: use a minimum of 1000 dpi. TIFF: Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale): a minimum of 500 dpi is required.DOC, XLS or PPT: If your electronic artwork is created in any of these Microsoft Office applications please supply "as is".

Please do not: Supply embedded graphics in your word processor (spreadsheet, presentation) document; Supply files that are optimized for screen use (like GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); the resolution is too low;

• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content. VERY CONFUSING!!!!!!!

Color artwork Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF, EPS or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution.

Please note: Because of technical complications which can arise by converting color figures to "gray scale" (for the printed version should you not opt for color in print) please submit in addition usable black and white versions of all the color illustrations.

Figure captions Ensure that each illustration has a caption written in full as "Figure 1". in figures and main text Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used. Figure should be given at the end of manuscript and not be "wrapped". 

Tables Number the tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text as "Table 1" . Place footnotes to tables below the table body and indicate them with superscript lowercase letters. Avoid vertical rules. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in tables do not repeatedly presented  elsewhere in the article. Tables should be given at the end of manuscript and not be "wrapped".

Authors Contribution

All persons designated as authors should qualify for authorship, and all those who qualify should be listed as authors. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate parts of the content. A declaration of contributions can include conception and design, collection and assembly of data, analysis and interpretation of the data, drafting of the article, critical revision of the article for important intellectual content, final approval of the article, provision of study materials or patients, statistical expertise, obtaining of funding, and technical or logistic support. For transparency, we encourage authors to submit an author statement file outlining their individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT roles:

Conceptualization (Full Names); Data curation (Full Names); Formal analysis (Full Names); Funding acquisition (Full Names); Investigation (Full Names); Methodology (Full Names); Project administration (Full Names); Resources (Full Names); Software (Full Names); Supervision (Full Names); Validation (Full Names); Visualization (Full Names); Roles/Writing - original draft (Full Names); Writing - review & editing (Full Names).