Submissions

Author Guidelines

International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology

Instructions to Authors

“International Journal of Applied and Experimental Biology” (With abbreviation - Intl. J. Appl. Exp. Biol.; IJAEB) publishes research and review papers on all aspects of Life Sciences including Biology, Genetics, Botany, Zoology, Biotechnology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Molecular Biology, Bioinformatics, and Medical, Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences. It aims to serve as a forum of life and medical scientists, and agricultural professionals.

Types of paper

1. Original full-length research papers (Regular Papers)
2. Review articles
3. Short communications

Language
Manuscripts must be written in English. Authors whose native language is not English are sturdily advised to have their manuscripts read/checked by a native English speaker prior to submission.

Title
It should be brief and informative. Titles serve as important means for multiple information-retrieval systems, thus, avoid to use formulae and abbreviations. Use both common and complete scientific names along with citations of organisms.

Abstract
A concise and factual abstract highlighting the promising results is required. For example, it should start describing briefly the premier purpose of the research, prime results and key conclusions drawn. References are usually avoided to cite in the abstract, but if necessary, then they could be cited by mentioning only the author(s) and year(s). Also, avoid to use unnecessary non-standard abbreviations, but if necessary, then they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract.

Keywords
Number of keywords should not exceed six and they be placed soon after the abstract. Do not use abbreviations in the keywords. Avoid to repeat the words/terms already used in the title.

Abbreviations
Always define/spell out abbreviations at the first mention. Avoid to use abbreviations in the abstract, but if they are indispensable, then use the standard ones, and they must be consistent throughout the manuscript.

Introduction
Describe the background of the research undertaken by extrapolating appropriate literature. Try to include both old and latest literature. Devise a pertinent hypothesis or hypotheses addressing different aspects of your research question(s). Provide adequate objectives based on the hypothesis or research questions.

Material and methods

Provide ample detail of all different types of materials/organisms used. Methods/protocols should be reproducible by other researchers. Methods already published or amended can be briefly described.

Results
Results should be clear and concise. All data tables and figures should be cited properly.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work by critically analyzing the promising results and relating them to appropriate literature. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Author names and affiliations 

The authors' affiliation addresses be presented below the names. The address of each affiliation must contain the country name, and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

Corresponding author

The address of the corresponding author should be complete in all respects, and it must contain telephone and fax numbers as well as e-mail address.

Acknowledgements
Acknowledgements should be presented in a separate section at the end of a manuscript just before the start of reference list. All individuals involved in the research work (e.g., planning of study, execution of research, providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.) should be properly acknowledged.

References

Note: Authors are strongly encouraged to follow the “Journal Instructions to Authors” for listing all references cited in the text. The accuracy of each reference must be checked against its original source.

1. All studies cited in the text should be presented in a list of references following the whole text of the manuscript. The manuscript should be carefully checked to ensure that the spellings of author names and dates are the same in the text as in the reference list.
2. In the text, refer to the author's name (without initial) and year of publication. Examples: "Bradshaw (2021) has exhibited that..." "This is similar to what has been reported elsewhere (Morgan, 1989)".
3. If reference is mentioned in the text to a manuscript written by more than two authors, the name of the first author should be used followed by "et al.". This indication, however, should not be used in the list of references. In the list, names of first author and co-authors should be fully mentioned.
4. References cited together in the text should be arranged chronologically. The list of references should be arranged alphabetically. If an author's name in the list is also mentioned with co-authors, the following order should be used: publications of a single author, arranged according to publication dates -- publications of the same author with one co-author -- publications of the author with more than one co-author. Publications by the same author(s) in the same year should be listed as 1999a, 1999b, etc.
5. Use the following system for arranging your references; please note the proper position of the punctuation:

For periodicals

Romero-Aranda, M.R., González-Fernández, P., Pérez-Tienda, J.R., López-Diaz, M.R., Espinosa, J., Granum, E., Traverso, J.Á., Pineda, B., Garcia-Sogo, B., Moreno, V., Asins, M.J., Belver, A. (2020). Na⁺ transporter HKT1;2 reduces flower Na⁺ content and considerably mitigates the decline in tomato fruit yields under saline conditions. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 154:341-352.

For edited symposia, special issues, etc., published in a periodical

Munns, R. (2009). Strategies for crop improvement in saline soils. In "Salinity and Water Stress: Improving Crop Efficiency" (M. Ashraf, M. Ozturk and H. R. Athar, eds.), Vol. 44, pp. 99-110. Springer, The Netherlands.

Golkar-Narenji, A., Petitte, J.N., Mozdziak, P.E. (2020).  Transgenic chicken/poultry birds: serving us for survival; Chapter 9.  In "Genomics and Biotechnological Advances in Veterinary, Poultry, and Fisheries" (Y.S. Malik, D. Barh, V. Azevedo and S.M.P. Khurana, eds.). pp. 211-221. Academic Press.

For books

Abdelly, C. (2008). "Biosaline Agriculture and High Salinity Tolerance," Birkhäuser; Springer distributor, Basel.

For multi-author books

Bewley, J.D., Bradford, K., Hilhorst, H., Nonogaki, H. (2013). "Seeds: Physiology of Development, Germination and Dormancy," 3^rd Edition. Springer Science & Business Media, New York.

Web references

As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

References in a special issue

Please ensure that the words 'Special Issue' are added to the pertinent reference(s) in the list.

References concerning unpublished data and "personal communications" should not be cited in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text.

Nomenclature and units

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the International System of Units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.

Authors and Editor(s) are, by general agreement, required to accept the rules governing biological nomenclature, as laid down in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria, and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.

All organisms (crops, plants, insects, birds, mammals, etc.) should be mentioned by their scientific names.

For chemical nomenclature, the Conventions of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry and the official recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature should be followed.

Accession numbers

In Bioinformatics, accession numbers are exclusive identifiers assigned to nucleotide and protein sequences to allow trailing of different versions of that sequence record in a data repository. Authors should clearly mention the type of accession number together with the actual number, keeping in view that an error in a letter or number can result in a dead link in the online version of the article. Please use the following format: accession number type ID: xxxx (e.g., MMDB ID: 12345; PDB ID: 1TUP).

Math Formulae/equations

Present simple formulae in the text where possible. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics.

Subscripts and superscripts should be clear.

Greek letters and other non-Roman symbols should be explained. Take a special care to show clearly the difference between zero (0) and the letter O, and between one (1) and the letter l.

Different levels of statistical significance are: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.

Ions should be presented as, e.g., Mg²⁺, not as Mg⁺⁺.

Isotopes should be presented accurately in the text or tables/figures and isotope number should precede the symbols, e.g., ¹⁵N.

Footnotes

Avoid to use footnotes, but if essential, then number them consecutively using superscript Arabic numbers throughout the manuscript.

Table footnotes

Footnote in a table should be used with a superscript lowercase letter.

Electronic artwork

General points

• Lettering and sizing of self-drawn artwork should be uniform
• Only use “Times” font in your illustrations
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text
• Provide captions/legends to illustrations separately
• Produce images near to the desired size of the printed version

Color artwork 

Artwork files should be in an acceptable format (MS Office, TIFF, or EPS files) and with high resolution.

Figure captions - Ensure that each illustration has a caption/legend. Supply captions/legends separately, not attached to the figure. A caption/legend should contain a brief title and a description of the figure/illustration. Explain all abbreviations and symbols used.

Tables – Numbering of tables in the text should be according their sequential appearance in the text. Ensure that the data presented in tables do not be repeatedly presented elsewhere in the form of a table or a Figure within the article.

Authors Contribution

Each author should have participated significantly in the work reported in the manuscript. A statement of contributions can include multiple aspects such as idea and design, recording of data, statistically analyzing the data, preparing a draft of the article, thorough revision of the paper,  supply/procurement of research materials, interaction with patients, acquiring funding, and technical or logistic support. We advise authors to submit an author statement file delineating proportion of their individual contributions to the paper using the relevant CRediT Roles:

Conceptualization (Full Names); Data curation (Full Names); Formal analysis (Full Names); Funding acquisition (Full Names); Investigation (Full Names); Methodology (Full Names); Project administration (Full Names); Resources (Full Names); Software (Full Names); Supervision (Full Names); Validation (Full Names); Visualization (Full Names); Roles/Writing - original draft (Full Names); Writing - review & editing (Full Names).

Plagiarism check

Before uploading to the journal e-system, the manuscript should be subjected by the authors to “Turniton” software or any of the other similar tools for checking similarity index. Overall, the similarity index should be well below 15%. The authors are advised to strictly follow the guidelines for plagiarism check outlined by several international publishers.

Copyright Notice

By submitting the manuscripts to IJAEB, the authors agree that!

The copyright to this article is transferred to the Society of Eminent Biological Scientists (SEBS) effective if and when the article is accepted for publication. Article is deemed to include all materials submitted for publication with the exception of Letters, and includes the text, figures, tables, author contact details, and all supplementary material accompanying the Article. The author warrants that his/her contribution is original and that he/she has full power to make this grant. The author signs for and accepts responsibility for releasing this material on behalf of any and all co-authors. The copyright transfer covers the exclusive right to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints, translations, photographic reproductions, microform, electronic form (offline, online) or any other reproductions of similar nature.

Please note: You retain the following rights to re-use the Article, as long as you do not sell or reproduce the Article or any part of it for commercial purposes (i.e. for monetary gain on your own account or on that of a third party, or for indirect financial gain by a commercial entity). These rights apply without needing to seek permission from SEBS.

Please read this form carefully, sign at the bottom (if your employer owns copyright in your work, arrange for your employer to sign where marked), and return the ORIGINAL to the address below as quickly as possible. As author, you remain the copyright owner of the Article, unless copyright is owned by your employer.  

“I, the undersigned corresponding author, also affirm that I/we have no commercial relations/associations (e.g., equity interests, stock ownership, consultancies, patent-licensing arrangements, etc.) that could cause a conflict of interest pertaining to the submitted manuscript, except as revealed on a separate annexure. All funding sources sustaining the research work and all institutional or corporate affiliations of mine/ours are shown/acknowledged in a footnote”.

Privacy Statement

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